Icyorezo cy'umusonga mushya w'ikamba gifite ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu bw'isi, kandi inganda z’inkweto nazo zihura n'ikibazo gikomeye. Ihagarikwa ryibikoresho fatizo byateje urukurikirane rwingaruka zurunigi: uruganda rwahatiwe gufungwa, itegeko ntirishobora gutangwa neza, kugurisha abakiriya ningorane zo gukuramo imari byaragaragaye. Mu gihe cy'imbeho ikaze, nigute wakemura ikibazo cyo gutanga isoko? Nigute ushobora kurushaho kunoza uburyo bwo gutanga isoko byahindutse inzira yiterambere ryinganda zinkweto.
Isoko ryamasoko, impinduramatwara mishya yikoranabuhanga no kuzamura inganda bizamura ibisabwa murwego rwo gutanga isoko.
Kuva ivugurura no gufungura, inganda z’inkweto z’Ubushinwa zateye imbere byihuse, kandi zabaye igihugu kinini mu gukora inkweto n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi. Ifite igabana ry'umwuga hamwe na sisitemu yinganda zuzuye kandi zuzuye. Ariko, hamwe no kuzamura ibicuruzwa, impinduramatwara mu ikoranabuhanga, impinduramatwara mu nganda n’impinduramatwara mu bucuruzi, uburyo bushya, imiterere mishya hamwe n’ibisabwa bishya bigaragara mu mugezi utagira iherezo. Uruganda rukora inkweto mu Bushinwa rufite ibibazo bitigeze bibaho. Ku ruhande rumwe nintego yo kumenyekanisha inganda mpuzamahanga no kwisi yose. Kurundi ruhande, inganda zinkweto gakondo zihura nibizamini bikomeye. Amafaranga yumurimo, amafaranga yubukode nigiciro cyimisoro akomeje kwiyongera. Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ibisabwa ku isoko, ibigo birasabwa kubyara no gutanga ibicuruzwa vuba na bwangu, kandi bigashyira ahagaragara ibisabwa byinshi kuri sisitemu yo gutanga inkweto.
Kubaka urunigi rwiza rutangwa.
Christophe, impuguke mu by'ubukungu w’Ubwongereza, ashyira imbere avuga ko “mu gihe kiri imbere nta piganwa riri hagati y’uruganda n’ikindi kigo, kandi hariho irushanwa hagati y’isoko ritanga urundi ruganda rutanga isoko”.
Mu Kwakira ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2017, Perezida Xi Jinping yashyize muri raporo “uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko agezweho” muri raporo ya mbere muri raporo ya “Cumi n'icyenda nini”, azamura urwego rugezweho rwo gutanga isoko kugeza ku ntera y’ingamba z’igihugu, rufite intambwe ikomeye mu iterambere ry’isoko rigezweho mu Bushinwa, kandi ritanga urufatiro ruhagije rwa politiki yo kwihutisha udushya n’iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa bigezweho mu Bushinwa.
Mubyukuri, guhera mu mpera za 2016 kugeza hagati ya 2017, inzego za leta zatangiye gufata ingamba kubikorwa byo gutanga amasoko. Kuva muri Kanama 2017 kugeza ku ya 1 Werurwe 2019, nyuma y'amezi 19 gusa, minisiteri na komisiyo z'igihugu byatanze inyandiko 6 z'ingenzi zerekeye ibikoresho n'ibikoresho, bikaba bidasanzwe. Guverinoma yahugiye nyuma yo gutangaza inganda, cyane cyane “imijyi y'icyitegererezo yo guhanga udushya no gushyira mu bikorwa amasoko”. Ku ya 16 Kanama 2017, Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi na Minisiteri y’Imari bafatanije itangazo ryerekeye guteza imbere uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko; ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2017, ibiro rusange by'Inama ya Leta byasohoye “ibitekerezo biyobora mu guteza imbere cyane guhanga udushya no gushyira mu bikorwa amasoko”; ku ya 17 Mata 2018, amashami 8 nka Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi yasohoye itangazo ku cyerekezo cyo guhanga udushya no gushyira mu bikorwa.
Ku masosiyete yinkweto, kubaka urwego rwohejuru rwogutanga inganda zinkweto, cyane cyane kwambukiranya uturere, guhuza amashami afatanya nogutumanaho no gushyira mubikorwa kugwa, guhuza imiyoboro yingenzi nkibikoresho fatizo, ubushakashatsi niterambere, igishushanyo mbonera, umusaruro, kuzenguruka, gukoresha ibicuruzwa nibindi, no gushyiraho uburyo bushingiye kumuryango busabwa, kuzamura ubwiza, kugabanya ibiciro no kongera imikorere bizaba inzira nziza yo guhangana nimpinduka mugihe no kuzamura irushanwa ryibanze.
Inganda zinkweto zikeneye byihutirwa gahunda yo gutanga amasoko kugirango dufatanye guteza imbere isoko.
Urunani rwo gutanga inganda zinkweto rwahindutse ruva mubipimo byumwimerere ruhinduka imiyoborere idahwitse igana igisubizo cyihuse no gucunga neza. Ku masosiyete manini yinkweto, kubaka uburyo bunoze, bwihuse kandi bwubwenge bwo gutanga amasoko biragaragara ko bidashoboka. Irasaba ikoranabuhanga rishya, sisitemu nshya, abafatanyabikorwa bashya, hamwe na serivisi nshya. Kubwibyo, gushingira kumurongo wogutanga serivise hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwishyira hamwe no gukora neza, niyo ntambwe yambere kugirango ibigo bigabanye umusaruro nigikorwa cyo gukora nigiciro cyigikorwa cyo guhuza umutungo wimbere nuwundi wo hanze yinganda zinganda no kunoza urwego rutanga.
Uruganda rushya rwinganda zinkweto zashinze imizi mumateka maremare yumuco winkweto, kandi inganda zinkweto zifite umusingi ukomeye. Ifite izina rya "Wenzhou inkweto z'umurwa mukuru". Kubwibyo, ifite inkweto nziza yo gukora inkweto nibyiza byo gukora. Ifata inkweto Netcom hamwe nicyambu cyo gucuruza inkweto nkibishingiro byubucuruzi bubiri bwo gutanga inkweto. Ihuza umutungo wo hejuru no kumanuka wumutungo utanga isoko, uhuza R & D, ubushakashatsi bwerekana imyambarire, gushushanya inkweto, gukora, kubaka ibicuruzwa, kugurisha imbonankubone, serivisi zimari nizindi mbuga.
Inama ya mbere yubushinwa bwinkweto zinkweto mpuzamahanga izakusanya imbaraga zo kuzamura itangwa ryiterambere hamwe niterambere.
Mu rwego rwo kurushaho guteza imbere kwibanda ku mutungo no kunguka muri rusange inganda z’inkweto, imishinga mito n'iciriritse mu bufatanye igomba gufatanya kubaka urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bishya by’inganda z’inkweto kugira ngo habeho impinduka no kuzamura imishinga y’inkweto no guteza imbere iterambere rishya. Inama ya mbere yubushinwa bwinkweto zinkweto mpuzamahanga itanga amasoko igomba kuvuka. Vuba aha, uruganda rushya rwinganda zinkweto ziri murwego rwo kwitegura. Bivugwa ko Inteko rusange izaterana muri Gicurasi (kubera ingaruka z’icyorezo cy’agateganyo), yibanda ku ngingo enye zingenzi z’inganda “Igishushanyo + Ikoranabuhanga + ikoranabuhanga + imari”, hamwe n’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’inkweto ku isi nk’urubuga rwo guhuza inzira n’isoko ry’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa, guhuza umutungo w’inganda z’inkweto ku isi, no kuzamura iterambere ry’inganda z’inkweto binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere imari.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-01-2021
